Quick answer: The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is India’s main yearly survey of registered factories. It is run by the National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). The ASI 2024-25 results show the sector’s Gross Value Added (GVA) rising 9.59 per cent to about ₹26.94 lakh crore. On 4 November 2026 MoSPI released the detailed Volume I and Summary Results.
Why the Annual Survey of Industries 2024-25 is in the news
MoSPI first put out the headline ASI 2024-25 results as a factsheet on 30 September 2026. On 4 November 2026 the Press Information Bureau (PIB) announced the next stage. Two detailed publications, Volume I and the Summary Results of the Factory Sector, were released along with unit-level data and metadata. The reference period is April 2024 to March 2025. Fieldwork ran from October 2025 to June 2026.
According to the PIB release, the corporate segment of manufacturing (which has more than 89 per cent of total GVA) grew its GVA by 9.28 per cent. Its number of factories in operation grew 3.45 per cent and persons engaged 7.57 per cent.
Key facts: ASI 2024-25 in numbers
From MoSPI’s factsheet (current prices; ₹ lakh converted to ₹ lakh crore and rounded):
| Indicator | 2023-24 | 2024-25 | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of factories | 2,60,061 | 2,66,931 | 2.64% |
| Factories in operation | 2,12,990 | 2,18,543 | 2.61% |
| Fixed capital | ₹46.24 lakh crore | ₹51.12 lakh crore | 10.54% |
| Total persons engaged | 1.96 crore | 2.10 crore | 7.19% |
| Total output | ₹153.27 lakh crore | ₹165.24 lakh crore | 7.81% |
| Gross Value Added (GVA) | ₹24.58 lakh crore | ₹26.94 lakh crore | 9.59% |
| Net Value Added (NVA) | ₹21.03 lakh crore | ₹23.00 lakh crore | 9.36% |
| Total emoluments | ₹7.16 lakh crore | ₹8.03 lakh crore | 12.08% |
- GVA grew faster than output (9.59 per cent against 7.81 per cent) because inputs rose more slowly, by 7.47 per cent.
- Workers rose 7.31 per cent to about 1.67 crore. Wages paid to workers rose 13.03 per cent.
- Net profit of the sector rose 7.73 per cent and invested capital rose 11.10 per cent.
- PIB reports that Net Value Added per factory in operation rose 6.59 per cent, GVA per person engaged rose 2.25 per cent, and the gross value of plant and machinery rose 7.25 per cent.
- Food products, textiles, basic metals, motor vehicles and wearing apparel together gave over 41 per cent of manufacturing employment.
Which states and industries lead
| Measure | Top state (share) | Top industry (share) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of factories | Tamil Nadu (15.44%) | Food products (16.19%) |
| Persons engaged | Tamil Nadu (14.99%) | Food products (11.24%) |
| Fixed capital | Gujarat (19.87%) | Basic metals (17.73%) |
| Output | Gujarat (16.93%) | Basic metals (13.67%) |
| GVA | Maharashtra (15.92%) | Basic metals (11.58%) |
For GVA, the top five states are Maharashtra, Gujarat (14.10%), Tamil Nadu (10.90%), Karnataka (7.31%) and Uttar Pradesh (6.64%). Together they hold more than 54 per cent of the country’s manufacturing GVA.
The data also shows how concentrated capital is. Factories with plant and machinery worth ₹10 crore or more are only 15.84 per cent of working units. Yet they hold 87.42 per cent of fixed capital and produce 78.07 per cent of net value added. Units with up to ₹5 crore invested make up 78.69 per cent of factories but give 34.32 per cent of employment and 17.61 per cent of NVA.
How the ASI works
- Legal basis: ASI 2024-25 was held under the Collection of Statistics Rules, 2024, framed under the Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 (amended in 2017).
- Coverage: factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948, bidi and cigar units under the 1966 Act, electricity units not registered with the Central Electricity Authority, and units with 100 or more employees in the Business Register of Establishments.
- Sample: from a frame of 2,68,778 units, 86,547 units were surveyed (66,453 under the census scheme and 20,094 under the sample scheme).
- Method: data is collected per establishment through a web portal, and feeds the National Accounts Statistics.
Exam angle: how NDA, CDS and CAPF can ask this
- Economy questions often ask which ministry or body publishes a dataset. Remember that the ASI is run by the NSO under MoSPI.
- Know the difference between GVA and NVA: NVA is GVA minus depreciation. Basic national income terms like these come up in the NDA and CDS general studies papers.
- State-wise industrial rankings such as Maharashtra (GVA), Gujarat (output) and Tamil Nadu (factories and jobs) suit statement-based questions.
Practice MCQs
Q1. The Annual Survey of Industries is conducted by:
(a) Reserve Bank of India (b) NITI Aayog (c) National Statistical Office, MoSPI (d) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Answer: (c) — the NSO under MoSPI conducts the ASI.
Q2. According to ASI 2024-25, which state had the highest share in manufacturing GVA?
(a) Gujarat (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Maharashtra (d) Karnataka
Answer: (c) — Maharashtra had 15.92 per cent of GVA.
Q3. ASI 2024-25 recorded GVA growth of about:
(a) 5.2% (b) 7.8% (c) 9.6% (d) 12.1%
Answer: (c) — GVA grew 9.59 per cent; output grew 7.81 per cent.
Q4. Which industry group had the largest share of factories in ASI 2024-25?
(a) Basic metals (b) Food products (c) Textiles (d) Motor vehicles
Answer: (b) — food products accounted for 16.19 per cent of factories.
Frequently asked questions
What is the Annual Survey of Industries?
It is a yearly statutory survey of registered factories by the NSO under MoSPI. It measures output, value added, jobs, capital and other indicators of organised manufacturing.
What period does ASI 2024-25 cover?
It covers the financial year April 2024 to March 2025. Fieldwork was done from October 2025 to June 2026.
How much did manufacturing GVA grow in 2024-25?
Total GVA grew 9.59 per cent, to about ₹26.94 lakh crore. The corporate segment alone grew 9.28 per cent.
Under which law is the ASI conducted?
The Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 (amended in 2017), and the Collection of Statistics Rules, 2024.
Also read on NCA: VISTAR scheme for statistics | Khelo India sports goods manufacturing scheme | Monthly defence current affairs PDFs | NDA coaching in Chandigarh
Sources: PIB (MoSPI), 4 November 2026, MoSPI ASI 2024-25 Factsheet. Facts as reported up to 8 November 2026.
Featured image background (representative): SAIL, Durgapur Steel Plant / Wikimedia Commons, GODL-India.
