indian constitution

Article 25 of the Indian Constitution is the cornerstone of religious freedom in India, guaranteeing to every individual the liberty to hold and manifest their spiritual beliefs.1 It embodies the positive aspect of Indian secularism, which does not demand a strict separation of state and religion, but rather mandates equal respect for all faiths. This provision protects the intimate and personal relationship an individual shares with their conscience while balancing this freedom with the broader interests of society and the state’s power to enact social reforms

Article 24 of the Indian Constitution, the second pillar of the “Right against Exploitation,” is a specific and absolute prohibition aimed at protecting the most vulnerable section of society: children.1 It represents the Constitution’s firm resolve to ensure that childhood is a period of growth, education, and development, not one of toil and exploitation

Article 23 of the Indian Constitution, situated within the “Right against Exploitation,” is a powerful declaration of human dignity. It is a direct assault on the traditional socio-economic evils of trafficking and forced labour that had plagued Indian society for centuries.

Article 22 of the Indian Constitution is a unique and often debated provision that provides crucial safeguards to individuals against arbitrary arrest and detention.1 It functions as a procedural bulwark, ensuring that the State’s power to curtail personal liberty, as permitted under Article 21, is exercised with fairness and accountability

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is arguably the most profound and dynamic of all fundamental rights. Encapsulated in a single, elegantly simple sentence, it has evolved from a basic guarantee against arbitrary state action into a vast repository of human rights.

Article 19 of the Indian Constitution is widely regarded as the backbone of the fundamental rights, a charter that guarantees the civil liberties essential for a functioning democracy. It is not a single right but a cluster of six fundamental freedoms that, taken together, empower citizens to participate in the political and social life of the nation. However, these freedoms are not absolute.

Article 19 of the Indian Constitution is widely regarded as the backbone of the fundamental rights, a charter that guarantees the civil liberties essential for a functioning democracy. It is not a single right but a cluster of six fundamental freedoms that, taken together, empower citizens to participate in the political and social life of the nation. However, these freedoms are not absolute.

Article 17 of the Indian Constitution is not merely a legal provision; it is a profound moral and social declaration.1 In a single, powerful sentence, it strikes at the heart of a deeply entrenched and dehumanizing social practice that has plagued Indian society for centuries. Unlike many other fundamental rights that are subject to restrictions, Article 17 is absolute in its command, reflecting the unequivocal commitment of the Constitution’s framers to create a society free from the stain of caste-based discrimination. A review of this article reveals its unique nature, the legislative framework built upon it, and its continuing, vital struggle for relevance in modern India

Article 16 of the Indian Constitution is far more than a simple clause about government jobs; it is the site of a profound and ongoing constitutional balancing act. It embodies the complex challenge of reconciling two fundamental, and sometimes competing, national ideals: the principle of open competition based on individual merit, and the imperative of social justice to remedy centuries of structural inequality. This article provides a comprehensive review of Article 16, exploring its core guarantees, its powerful enabling provisions, and the critical role of the judiciary in refereeing the perpetual dialogue between equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes.

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution, which declares that “The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India,” is the cornerstone of the fundamental right to equality. It is a powerful guarantee against all forms of arbitrary action by the state. More than just a clause in the Constitution, Article 14 is a dynamic concept that the Indian judiciary has interpreted with profound depth over the decades, evolving from a principle of formal equality to one of substantive justice.